Biodosimetrie in der Nuklearmedizin

Zusammenfassung

Die Biodosimetrie leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung. Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist es daher, Methoden und Ergebnisse der Biodosimetrie und deren Zusammenhang mit der physikalischen Dosimetrie vorzustellen. Die Daten dieser Arbeit wurden aus Veröffentlichungen nach 1995 erhoben. Die dabei verwendeten Methoden sind hauptsächlich die Analyse dizentrischer Chromosomen, der Mikrokern-Assay, sowie der γ-H2AX-Assay in Lymphozyten. Die Mehrzahl der Daten wurde während Radioiodtherapien erhoben. Etwa die Hälfte der Veröffentlichungen bezog die Ergebnisse nur auf die verabreichte Aktivität. Dosis-Wirkungsbeziehungen konnten nur in wenigen Arbeiten hergestellt werden. Insbesondere anhand der Daten, die mittels des γ-H2AX-Assays gewonnen wurden, konnte die Dosisabhängigkeit und der zeitliche Verlauf der DNA-Schadensantwort in vitro und in vivo mit ß^–-Emittern gezeigt werden. Weitere Arbeiten sind nötig, um die Reparatur von DNA-Schäden und deren Zusammenhang mit der Energiedosis nach nuklearmedizinischer Diagnostik und Therapie, insbesondere auch mit α-Strahlern, noch besser beschreiben zu können.

Abstract

Biodosimetry makes an important contribution to understanding the effect of ionizing radiation. The aim of this review is therefore, to present methods and results of biodosimetry and their relationship to physical dosimetry. The data of this review is collected from publications after 1995. The methods used are mainly the analysis of dicentric chromosomes, the micronucleus assay and the γ-H2AX assay in lymphocytes. The majority of data was collected during radioiodine therapy. About half of the studies only referred to the activity administered. Dose-effect relationships could only be established in a few publications. In particular, the γ-H2AX assay data allowed determining the dose-dependency and temporal course of the DNA damage response in vitro and in vivo with ß^–-emitters. Further work is needed in order to be able to better describe the repair of DNA damage and its relationship with the absorbed dose after nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy, especially with α-emitters.

Schlüsselwörter

Dosimetrie - Biodosimetrie - Biomarker - γ-H2AX-Assay

Keywords

dosimetry - biodosimetry - biomarker - γ-H2AX assay

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